.
Main problem on purely theoretical and fundamental level is dilemma :

- "if (as we think) space curves? or it rather expands in a presence of matter" -

("space" interpreted as distance, range, field, arena, zone, area)

Long detective investigation and numerous empirical evidence clearly disclosed that with relation to the mass-energy concentration level

- "space expands effectively" , not "curves geometrically" as General Relativity 1915 model claims until today.

"Lawrence Krauss enlightenment"
www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkwO8Kq8RIU&t=42m34s


"Stretching" Einstein's elastic space time rubber should be rather interpreted as material "scattering expansion", not "structural bending"(what we actually believe).


[possible "faux pas" reason : lack of actual knowledge about homogeneous, expanding universe structure at the publication time (GR 1915/Eddington 1919 vs Hubble 1929 observation), faith in endlessly infinite cosmos space arena (zeitgeist, "spirit of the age") - famous : "your mathematics are correct, but your physics is abominable" ..as history reveals .. Albert against expanding space idea, was "defending himself with hands and legs as hard as he possibly could"]

Empirical evidence and science of "expanding space" based on Ancient Greek Plato's law "i look, i see logos, i understand" :

[missing "cosmological constant", separation force opposite to gravity]

1. Expanding cosmos

"Metric expansion of space between galaxies" (due to constant on-going mass/energy accumulation in hot, dense, compressed nucleus)

solution for :

a) cosmos scattering direction(every galaxy collects matter), shape (Alan Dressler) and universe homogeneity

b) "dark matter problem" -> space "bubble" outstretched by galaxy nucleus among with all star systems grown within balloon, spins around its densest centre

c) "dark energy problem" -> space expansion acceleration speeded up due to faster matter collection of central egg

(self forming gravitational "water vortex")


d) redshift as wave/space stretching effect

e) gravitational lensing on the round edges of galaxy space/field "bubble"



2. Expanding stars evolution

a) separation "in space" (spatial uniform scattering) to create pleiades and constellations after birth (core formation) within dense nebulas

(every star generates own internal field "inertial frame of reference", "transformation of mass on space" phenomena)

b) expansion into "giant state" during death phase, when core becomes hottest and heaviest

c) Wolf-Rayet stars phenomena (cosmical "space bubble" structures)


3. Scattered stars on the night sky and planetary systems evolution

(mass and distance dependence inside the solar system structure, gas giants/planets/moons separation scales, direction of motion - with spinning field spread by the local giant)

4. Expanding atoms (nothing really new in science history)

Robert Boyle, Antoine Lavoisier, Niels Bohr "orbital electron jump" models in oppose to existing "kinetic perspective of matter" passed by Count Rumford.

"Basics of Thermodynamics - Race for Absolute Zero"

(historical retrospection and theatral scenes on Nova/Discovery show)

[ Boyle - www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H5i5DjYPjA&t=10m3s ]
[ Lavoisier - www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H5i5DjYPjA&t=19m30s ]
[ Rumford - www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H5i5DjYPjA&t=22m40s ]

(infantile conclusion/logic that "two rubbing sticks produces heat", so "kinetic movement lack means no heat energy" ..actually "dismissed" Lavoisier's caloric hypothesis which not only explained chemistry basics, aggregation states, but also giving "chemistry father" title to Antoine ..however of course many famous influential personalities like Michael Sendivogius "paved a way" through theory, ideas and methods, leading to such a progress)

"Expanding / contracting atom based on Niels Bohr electron's quantum jump idea"

(large atomic element scale - "electron shells scattering")


[simplified concept of cosmos expansion from atoms, through stars with planetary and galactic systems]

"more matter/energy accumulated in nucleus -> more space around expanded"

Explains nature of :

a) thermodynamics ("pressure force" comes from atom expansion/contraction due to various energy levels)

b) aggregation states (expounded by space-distance bonds between electrons and nucleus)

c) basics of chemical reactions (by placing end orbit closer to other atom furthest, also pushed out shell - where contact area is possible)

d) superconductivity (contracted structure of metallic materials temporarily overloads electrons on Valence shells)

e) photoelectric / Compton effect / electromagnetic emission, jump,"crowd out" mechanism (via Bohr model)

f) refrigeration (physical force pushes electron orbit closer around nucleus, what imposes "lower energy state" and extra energy must be "thrown out"/emitted on the radiator .. than reversal pressure release causes electron comeback at primal position, but to achieve it atom must first absorb heat-energy from fridge insides)

[same Bohr's quantum jump mechanism]

(on pic.)

- blue part of the arrow - "compressed low energy state"

- red side - "highly energetic expanded level"

[phenomena impossible to describe through kinetic model of "vibrating matter"]

g) "twisted refrigeration" [via Bohr]

www.scienc(*)eases/2019/10/191010142152.htm