W 1927 roku Czang Kaj Szek dokonał zasadniczej wolty, wydalił sowieckich doradców oraz rozpoczął krwawą rozprawę z chińskimi komunistami. Równocześnie w miejsce współpracy z Sowietami pojawiła się kooperacja z Niemcami, w Chinach zaś pojawili się niemieccy dorady wojskowi. Rozpoczęła się trwająca całą dekadę ( a wiec także pod rządami nazistów w Niemczech) kompleksowa współpraca chińsko - germańska. Fakt ów bywa często nieznany, czy tez niedoceniany - ze względy na automatyczne kojarzenie Japonii, jako tego państwa, z którym w Azji Rzesza niemiecka weszła w sojusz.O szczegółach owej współpracy oraz powodach jej zerwania - traktuje podlinkowany artykuł, do którego lektury zachęcam.
Warto dodać, iż bez owej kooperacji jak wyżej - niejaki John Rabe ("dobry Niemiec z Nankinu") nie znalazłby się w Nankinie jako przedstawiciel niemieckiej firmy Siemens i nie stworzyłby tam w 1937 roku, w momencie rzezi nankińskiej tak zwanej "nankińskiej strefy bezpieczeństwa", w której znalazło bezpieczne schronienie - przed prześladowaniami ze strony Japończyków - około 200 tysięcy ludzi.
W ramach tejże współpracy adoptowany syn Czanga, Czang Wei Kuo przeszedł szkolenie wojskowe w Niemczech, został czołgistą i w stopniu podoficera wojsk pancernych brał udział w Anschlussie. Następnie awansowany do stopnia podporucznika, miał wziąć udział w wojnie z Polską - do czego nie doszło przez przypadek w związku z odwołaniem go do Chin w przeddzień inwazji na Polskę.
Po przegranej z komunistami, Czang Kaj Szek i jego zwolennicy ewakuowali się na Tajwan i tam w ciągu bardzo krótkiego czasu doprowadzili do tak zwanego "tajwańskiego cudu gospodarczego" - który był niczym innym jak tylko wdrożeniem na gruncie tajwańskim, chińskiego planu trzyletniego z 1936 r. - opracowanego przez niemieckich industrialnych doradców Czanga wespół z Chińczykami wykształconymi w Niemczech.


"Sino-German cooperation of the 1930s was perhaps the most ambitious and successful of President Sun Yat-sen's ideal of an "international development" to modernise China. Germany's loss of territories in China following World War I, its need for raw materials, and its lack of interest in Chinese politics, advanced the rate and productiveness of their cooperation with China, as both countries were able to cooperate on the basis of equality and economic dependability, without the imperialist undertones that marred the other Sino-foreign relations. China's urgent need for industrial development to fight an eventual showdown with Japan also precipitated this progress. Furthermore, admiration of Germany's rapid rise after its defeat in World War I and its fascist ideology also prompted some Chinese within the ruling circle to fashion fascism as a quick solution to China's continuing woes of disunity and political confusion.
In sum, although the period of Sino-German cooperation spanned only a short period of time, and much of its results were destroyed in the war with Japan, it had some lasting effect on China's modernisation. After the Kuomintang's defeat in the Chinese Civil War, the KMT relocated to Taiwan. Many government officials of the Republic of China on Taiwan were trained in Germany, such as Chiang's own adopted son Chiang Wei-kuo. Much of Taiwan's rapid post-war industrialisation can be attributed to the plans and goals laid down in the Three-Year Plan of 1936"

"German assistance in the military was not limited to personnel training and reorganisation, but also military hardware. According to von Seeckt, around eighty percent of China's weapons output was below par or unsuitable for modern warfare. Therefore, projects were undertaken to modernise existing arsenals. For example, the Hanyang Arsenal was reconstructed during 1935–1936 to produce Maxim machine guns, various 82 mm trench mortars and the Chiang Kai-shek rifle (based on the German Karabiner 98k rifle). The Chiang Kai-shek and Hanyang 88 rifles remained as the predominant firearm used by Chinese armies throughout the war.[27] Another factory was established to produce gas masks, and plans for a mustard gas plant that was eventually scrapped. In May 1938, several arsenals were built in Hunan to produce 20mm, 37 mm, and 75 mm artilleries. In late 1936 a plant was built near Nanking to manufacture binoculars and sniper rifle sights. Additional arsenals were built or upgraded to manufacture other weapons and ordnance, such as the MG-34, pack guns of different calibres, and even replacement parts for vehicles of the Leichter Panzerspähwagen. Several research institutes were also established under German auspices, such as the Ordnance and Arsenal Office, the Chemical Research Institute under the direction from IG Farben, and others. Many of these institutes were headed by German-returned Chinese engineers. In 1935 and 1936, China ordered a total of 315,000 of the M35 Stahlhelm, and also large numbers of Gewehr 88, 98 rifles and the C96 Broomhandle Mauser. China also imported other military hardware, such as a small number of Henschel, Junkers,[clarification needed] Heinkel[clarification needed] and Messerschmitt[clarification needed] aircraft, some of them to be assembled in China, and Rheinmetall and Krupp howitzers, anti-tank and mountain guns, such as the PaK 37mm, as well as AFVs such as the Panzer I.[citation needed]
These modernisation efforts proved useful in the war. Although the Japanese were able to capture the Nationalist capital at Nanking, the process took several months with a cost far higher than either side had anticipated. Despite this loss, the fact that Chinese troops could challenge Japanese troops boosted Chinese morale. In addition, the cost of the campaign made the Japanese reluctant to go deeper into the Chinese interior, allowing the Nationalist Government to relocate China's political and industrial infrastructure into Sichuan."


en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-German_cooperation_(1926–1941)